Levels of AnalysisCh. 3 & Arab-Israeli Conflict book & homework. My Assignment

Levels of AnalysisCh. 3 & Arab-Israeli Conflict book & homework. My assigned soil for this research is NIGERIA - Assignment ExampleAnother important event is the publishing of the works of Leo Pinsker (Auto-emancipation) and Theodor Herzl (Der Judenstaat) which called for the organisation of a Jewish homeland or state (Schulze 7). Both of these articles actually called for the need to establish a homeland for the Jewish people, given that they have been experiencing discrimination in the different countries where they are scattered (Schulze 7). In addition, both of these papers also emphasized that the establishment of such homeland for the Jewish people would make them preserve their cultural traditions and solidify their national identity as Jews. The establishment of the World Zionist institution is important, for it spearheaded the creation of a Jewish homeland in Israel, which was the same territory of the Ottoman Empire controlled Muslim paradise (Schulze 8). It is said th at Palestine was chosen as the land where the Jewish homeland would be effected because it is here where the ancient kingdom of Israel and Judah where located. These kingdoms are the only Jewish states which have existed in history. Seen as the telephone line of the Jewish people, the Zionist movement saw the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine as essential in the nation-building process of the Jews who were historically scattered and in Diaspora.

Dilemma in business communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

predicament in business communication - Essay ExampleThe new employment opportunity could improve the come forth that the employee has and at the same time challenge him to be the best.If I tell the truth about the employees drinking problem, the employer go forth be able to know what kind of employee they are taking in and will be in a position to curtail him to live up to the standards of the organization. However, this would diminish the employees chances of being employed.My precept behind hiding the truth from the employer will be based on the fact that by distinct for a new employment opportunity, the employee has changed positively and realized that sticking to a companys policies and determine is a requisite. My choice will also give the employee a new chance to grow life story wise (Snoeyenbos, Almeder & Humber, 2001).Although it is in the best interest of companies to hire efficient employees, people with ethical issues should also be given chances to improve. This c an be done through training, formulation of company policies which encourages ethical values at the workplace and having the managers in the forefront in the elimination of unethical

Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Competition - Essay ExampleMarket leading possess the biggest grocery store place segment they lead in price determination, constantly avail new crossroad and services and immensely occupy distribution channels and promotions. In an effort to capture and expand their perfect market share, prevailing organization must put, in place attack techniques, to protect their current business. Kotler & Keller (2012) demonstrates that due to varying marketing circumstances, long-term market leaders, have to redesign continuously and restructure their marketing strategies depending on market conditions and levels of their product life cycle. The best way to attack a folk leader is to stay off a head-on assault and adopt a flanking movement this is when the challenger attacks point of weakness in the leaders defense.According to Kotler & Keller (2012), flank attack strategy is appropriate and best suitable to a foe who lacks depth in resources the marketer has to recognize areas where ca tegory leader shows weaknesses and fails to perform with a view of capitalizing on the gaps. A good example is the Independent News & Media Company, which exceedingly sells newspapers and magazines titles in thriving scotch regions while overpowering the internet, its main competitor that boost vast numbers of newspaper readers and advertisers. Further, marketers can enlist the front attack strategy in dealing with category leaders by discovering uncovered market demands. For instance, Ariats Cowboy Boots has faced challenges presented to its target market as a result of key category leaders such as Justin boots by designing boots, which are not only comfortable, but to a fault used for sporting. Moreover, Groucutt, Leadley & Forsyth (2006) elucidates that, market leaders can identify unattended market needs that originate from market shifts by creating market openings in the category leaders. The authors cite an example

Personal Perception of Organized Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Personal Perception of organize Crime - Essay ExampleThese enterprises are run and managed by criminals for the sole purpose of perpetrating illegal activities (Allum and Gilmour, 2012). Examples include various gangs and even terrorist groups. As can be observed, both(prenominal) definitions highlight make crime as the committee of criminal activity with the aid of various, highly realised mechanisms such as groups or gangs. However, the initial perception of organized crime prior to further information was only limited to the portrayal of organized crime in the form of plastered gangs. This implies that further course session brought exposure with regard to other forms of organized groups such as terrorist groups. In addition, cyber crime could also be considered as a form of organized crime. Characteristics of Organized Crime Organized crime has numerous traces. Organized crime behaviors are mainly highly structured and employ the differentiation of roles and operations. The system is, thus, involved in various illegal activities around the world. As mentioned, these crimes are perpetrated with the aid of groups of gangs whose membership is extremely loyal and act to the set objectives. Thus, the characteristics of organized crimes involve many classifications as subsequently outlined. Violence and Intimidation Violence and intimidation represent a core characteristic of most organized crime behaviors. This implies that in the perpetration of organized crime, the criminal involved either employs cherry-red behaviors or intimidation methods. For instance, terrorist groups may indulge in violent tendencies in regards to achieving certain objectives. On the other hand, other organized crime groups such as gangs may employ intimidating behaviors in the control and regulation of territories. Thus, innocent civilians or residents may be fright into compliance with certain operations with regard to the activities of the gangs. For instance, shopkeep ers may be forced and intimidated into parting with certain amounts of money on a regular basis to the gangs. As a result of this intimidation processes, civilians may fail to testify against the gangs in court owing to fear of vindication. Thus, violence and intimidation contribute significantly to the thriving of organized crime in modern societies (Allum and Gilmour, 2012). Employment of Technology This represents an emerging trend in the perpetration of organized crime in modern society. Organized crimes have embraced technological advancements in the perpetration of criminal activities. Cybercrime refers to one of the examples of employment of technological advancements with regard to organized crime behavior. Through cybercrime, organized gangs are able to obtain sensitive personal and financial information using software applications. Information stash away may, in turn, be used in the perpetration of internet crimes such as internet larceny or internet fraud. Money Launde ring Money laundering also represents a significant characteristic of organized crime behavior. Thus, billions of dollars are laundered annually by organized crime groups around the world. This process involves the maturation of domestic financial institutions. The system is extremely structured and organized. This implies that various parties are responsible for the operations at bottom the process of money laundering. Money laundering also employs a range of forms of technological

Vietnam War Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Vietnam War - Term Paper ExampleMoreover, it can further be explained that the unite States intervention in the Vietnam Wars revealed the earlier impacts of domino impact in Southeast Asia during and at the obliterate of the wars. Domino theory application on the United States involvement in Vietnam warsFrance began conquering and colonizing Indochina in the deep 1850s. It fully colonized Vietnam by 1893 and through the 1884 Treaty of Hue, France declared to rule Vietnam for the next seven decades. in spite of the strong military resistance especially by the Can Vuong by 1888, the Southeast Asia became the colony of France. some(prenominal) Vietnamese resistance movements were formed to oppose the France colonial rule, but none of them was as successful as the Viet Minh common front, managed by the Communist Party of Vietnam (Birkland, 2010). This party was founded by the Chinese Nationalist Party and the United States to oppose Nipponese existence. Japanese collaborated with F rance after France invasion of French Indochina during the World War II. The French managed the affairs of the colony while power was in the hands of the Japanese colonial government. Vietnam Minh was founded on May 1941 to recognize power from France and also to evict the Japanese occupants. It received pay from the Chinese national party and U. S to destabilize Japanese influence over Vietnam. Japan and France collaboration rule in Vietnam went on until the Germans were move out of France and the French colonial government began holding secret talks with the Free French (Hall, 2007). On 9th March 1945, Japanese army decided to evict all the French from Vietnam after fearing they could no endless trust them. They then took the full control of Vietnam under Bao Dai. Viet Minh fought against the Japanese and defeated them in frightful 1945. The Japanese surrendered unconditionally creating a power vacuum which gave the Viet Minh an opportunity to enter and grasp power in August Revolution (Burgan, 2006) . The Japanese colonial government supported Vietnam Minh to get rid of French by luck them to imprison all the French officials and surrendering all their weapons to them. Viet Minh leader, Ho Chi Minh, declared independence Democratic state of Vietnam before a crowd of people in Hanoi on 2nd September 1945. major(ip) allied victors of World War II, however, declared that the Southeast Asia was still under French colonial government. France re-establishment in Vietnam was slow since they had no weapons, soldiers and ships to immediately overtake Vietnam. Super powers therefore, gave the British government to occupy the south. The British man landed and began rearming French army and part of the remaining Japanese troops in order to support them in retaking southern Vietnam (Birkland, 2010). The British troops left field Vietnam on 26th March 1946 and left the power in the

Utilizing Work Performance Habits Effectively Essay

Utilizing Work Performance Habits Effectively - Essay ExampleThe concept of organizational behavior refers to the study of how individuals within a business environment interact with both the business and its policies as well as other members of the professional staff. The characteristics of group behavior are somewhat complex with the thought that behavior deals with psychological issues as well as maintaining a professional decorum by those who reconcile a company. During the course of group affiliation, there will inevitably be conflict as antithetic individuals perceive relationships and organizational policies on a different level. The key attri notwithstandinges of those employees who can effectively manage and blow up within group dynamics are the ability to negotiate a conflict resolution and lay down effective methods of communication. This author will describe three specific tools for professional success in detail. leadership within a business does not necessarily re flect only the most senior-level administration. In terms of setting the pace of proper organizational behaviors, even the non-managerial staff can create a demonstrable environment for co-workers. With this authors goal of sustaining a managerial image, I can effectively offer methods to enhance my motion at work by setting the example of professionalism. First, once the strategic direction for the workplace has been established, it is the role of leadership to ensure that the entire staff is unified and maintains a sense of direction. Executing goals is nothing but aligning people, motivating them, and creating a culture of leadership (Padgaonkar, 2006).

Food Analysis Technique Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Food Analysis Technique - Assignment ExampleAccording to the topic microarray technique is a technique that allows expansion of the deoxyribonucleic acid significantly in terms of number of DNA that can be analyzed simultaneously. It is used in food analysis by enabling microbic analysis of pathogens in food substances in a single array assay. It is relevant because it detects infectious microbic pathogens in food so that they can be eliminated and ensure the food product is safe. Histology is another analytic technique useful in food analysis. The paper approves that this technique is uses a microscope to observe the morphology of a tissue. Environmental toxins and veterinary drugs have an effect on the morphology of a tissue and this can be observed under the microscope. Spectroscopic techniques is one of the food analysis techniques used are shown in the paper. This techniques include mass spectrometry, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and atomic spectroscopy. Hyphenated techniques is another analytical technique for food analysis. (Malik, Blasco and image, 2010) state that this technique combines at least two analytical techniques for instance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem spectrometry or mass spectrometry. There are a wide variety of application of this technique in food analysis. The paper shows molecular species which contain a unique set of energy levels depending on its molecular and atomic structure. Electromagnetic waves are particles of energy moving through space and these waves consist of vibrate electric and magnetic fields.

Family in Later Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family in Later Life - Essay poserIn the recent past there has been an increase in the number of angiotensin converting enzymes in the US. The rallying cry single implies a person who is unmarried, but it is more widely used to refer to all those quite a little who are either divorced or are staying alone because their spouses have expired. For research purposes the term single is taken in its broader meaning, to include any person who lives alone, whether married or otherwise. For understanding the trends in beingness single in later life one needs to examine the set abouts of the elderly as to how they experience life when living alone. The trends that underlie increased rates of staying single among younger age groups reflect the interplay of tender change and demographic shifts. (Ingrid Arnet Connidis, 2009, P.96). When people are single at an elderly age then they confront quite isolated from the society and are less social unlike those elderly who have a family. They ar e not attracted towards their relatives but are closer to friends who are also singles. However, in such a case there is a difference in the concept of both the genders. While the single males pick out friends more as companions older females prefer relatives as companions. There is an increasing trend in culpable cases against the elderly who are single such as telemarketing scams.

Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Article - Essay faceThe name notes that Just-in persona distribution helps companies to reduce the make up of keeping large stock by ensuring rightful(prenominal) in time supplies. In addition, the just-in case distribution also aids in reducing the cost of transportation since shipping of goods is on demand. The expression asserts that the just-in-case plan was a response to the vulnerable just-in-time supply chains. The article notes that just-in-time management exposes companies to a greater risk of running out of merchandise in case of disruptions. Indeed, the article reckons that combining the just in case with just-in-time strategy was a means of seeking to a equilibrium between holding the minimum inventory possible and yet never running out of stock.The just-in case just-in time distribution strategy expands and increases the network of distribution centers hence reducing the distance by contemptible the inventory more close to the customers. Apparently, the article s hows that companies can achieve greater efficiency upon transporting its goods to the customers immediately. As such, galore(postnominal) companies seek competitive advantage amidst stiff competition arising in market by offering clarified customer service. Multiple and strategically place distribution channels help in minimizing the time, m iodiny and extreme spent in delivering merchandise to the customers. However, the article observes that retailers often avoid transporting merchandise to the last miles by directive the nearby customers to collect their merchandise from the nearby shop.From the content of the article, I feel that the Just-in-caseis an effective strategy in supply chain management. Indeed, the just-in-time management exposes companies to a greater risk of running out of merchandise in case of disruptions. I therefore relate the article with the benefits of the just-in case management that allows retailers to enjoy a forget me drug of stability since there is efficient distribution of goods and they do not have to rely on one

Psychological Assessment I, II, III Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Psychological Assessment I, II, terzetto - Essay ExampleHe was generally cooperative and seemed to give his best efforts to the tasks presented to him. It was apparent that it was easy for him to figure and respond to questions and his thought processes were mostly focused and clear, except in providing information about his past, which were sometimes sketchy and vague. When he did poorly, he became self-critical, annoyed and appeared slightly anxious. For example, in some items in the Boston Naming test, he would stare at the picture for some time before naming it, and when he realizes that he was wrong, would say, Stupid, stupid, how problematical could that be while pounding on the table.Dr. Anoxia was born in Wisconsin to a father who was a instructor and a mother who was a bookkeeper. When he was eight eld old, his family had to move to New York because his father has certain a teaching post in a school in Queens.When he was seventeen, his father died of a heart attack. F our years later, his mother died of cancer. According to him, he pursued graduate studies in economics in her honor. He met his wife while attending graduate school at the New York University in 1963. Together, they raised three children who are currently successful professionals. The break-up of his marriage began when all the children have grown and left home to live their independent lives. He finally had a divorce after 22 years of marriage.His father, being a teacher had a great influence on his academic performance, expecting nothing piffling of excellence from him. His fathers mentoring made him excel in high school both in academics and in sports, specifically Golf. His above average school records earned him a spot at the University of Vermont where he graduated in 1957 with a bachelors degree in Economics. Upon graduation, he was hired by one of his professors to be one of the researchers for a government-funded study. The challenge and success he derived from his work inspired

Questions for Case at the Dimensional Fund Advisors (The Size Effect Study

Questions for at the Dimensional Fund Advisors (The Size Effect and The Value Effect) - Case Study ExampleDFAs business practices of essay of avoid the lemons problem while not doing any fundamental analysis suggest that they believe secure form of market efficiency but worried that semi-strong form of market efficiency might go wrong (Cohen 4). These sentiments keep be illustrated by the dedication to the principle of market efficiency where over any inclined time frame no investor has the ability to pick stocks that would beat the market in its performance. Its main occupy was the presence of negative private information known to the seller but not to the market.According to Cohen, the Fama-French -three promoter type of efficient market brings into conside dimensionn three products size, value, and market risk factor in the crownwork asset pricing model (13). With the deterioration of the clear stocks in the 1980s and 1990s, these small stocks managed to outperform small stock indexes and small cap funds due to purchase discounts which were combined with the avoidance of adverse selection.It is true(p) to say that due to the size effect, smaller stocks tend to do better than large stocks as in the case of LinkedIn and Google where the former has in high spiritser returns than the latter. Conversely, according to the value effect, since Google has a higher book to market ratio as compared to LinkedIn, this means that in this case, Google gunners more returns (Cohen 19).In consistence to the hypothesis that market price is efficient, we can conclude that small firms and value firms on average have high returns. However, investors are not dementedly excited about the small and value investment products that DFA recently offered, which exactly focus on earning the high returns of small and value

Gendered Identity Consistent With the Public and Private Views of the Research Paper - 1

Gendered Identity Consistent With the Public and Private Views of the Roles of Men and Wowork force - Research Paper vitrineEven scholars who disagree that such changes were for the better, such as Edward Pessen (1985) who argues that the resulting national civil society and economy remaining over from the Jackson years was characterized by greater inequality than had been the case prior to Jacksons term admit that the changes that occurred during the period were deeply rooted and long lasting. Therefore, any attempt to fully agnise the development of Americas societal archives must take into account the changes that occurred during these years. This seems especially honest when considering the notion of gendered identity of both males and females in the public and private spheres that have determined much of the history of the American family, educational, and societal life. Because Jacksons presidency occurred during a time when the industrial and transportation revolutions were erect beginning in the US, and were characterized by expansions and alterations of expectations among the various classes that made up the American social, political, and economic scenes, the ways that men and women came to view their roles in American life during this early birth of modernization are important to review. This shortened paper will consider how gendered identities came to be established among men and women during the Jacksonian period, in light of the early(a) social, economic, and religious changes that occurred. Particular attention will be paid to the way that the emergence of class differences with the move of industrialization influenced the views of men and women regarding their societal roles. The paper will present a definition of gendered identity ordered with the public and private views of the roles of men and women that existed at the time and will consider how that notion was developed alongside the various upheavals that characterize the Jacks onian period.When discussing issues of gender, it is important to point out that there are varying definitions and ideas surround the term, and that changes have occurred over time regarding what it means.

Reasons for Choosing to Become a WGU Student Essay

Reasons for Choosing to Become a WGU Student - Essay ExampleNot simply I operate oned intensely, but I also had to pay the bills and take all kinds of loads an independent populace does. I conducted a thorough re explore and found that no colleges classes matched my schedule. I had to leave the work in order to pursue further education, which was clearly not a practicable option for me. Therefore, I started searching for courses in online education. Distance education was increasingly being adopted as a counseling to advance the academic move. I also thought nigh doing the same, though I had mixed feelings about it. I knew it would allow me to acquire a bachelors degree as I felt convenient, but doubted whether such(prenominal) a degree would be valued by the employers. Besides, choosing the best online university from among a myriad of options was another gainsay confronting me. I started browsing ads online and checking peoples opinions and suggestions both online and otherw ise. My research led me to the conclusion that nigh of the online universities lacked regional accreditation, were quite expensive for the students and their graduates were still not liked at large. Finally, a associate of mine suggested me to search about the Western Governors University (WGU), saying that WGU was not only sure regionally, but was also quite low-cost and suitable for me considering the situation I was in. Initially I took it as a regular advice and didnt remain much. But as I conducted a little research, I happened to find that the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities had accredited WGU, which was itself accredited by CHEA. A number of other develops were accredited by the same organization. such(prenominal) schools included but were not limited to Brigham Young, Lewis & Clark, and the University of Oregon. While reviewing the bachelors degree in IT at WGU, I found that WGU offered nine certifications many of which were more than sufficient for an individual to acquire a high-paying line of credit of a technician in my area. As my friend had said, WGU was really affordable. All I had to pay was $5780 a year in two installations, each of which was for six months. Therefore, WGU not only provided me with a way to attend the school as per my convenience, but also have more time for leisure activities as it saved me a lot of money that would otherwise have been consumed in paying the fee of another school. The most intrigue characteristic feature of WGU was that it offered classes at 3am, unlike any brick and mortar school I knew. Message for my friend Just like one very sincere friend of mine solved this issue for me, I would like to introduce WGU to you so that the positive message is spread and more and more people potentiometer benefit from the tremendous opportunities WGU has to offer. If you are looking for a reputable degree from a regionally accredited school, and also want to continue your full time job with it with out having to bear too large a cost in the name of fee, WGU is one school that can provide you with all of these. By recommending you WGU, I am saving you all the headache and waste of time that I had incurred while searching for a good school. I assure you that you will not regret to choose to study in WGU. You may look for the kind of certificates WGU issues in the discipline of your interest and see if they suffice the requirements for job eligibility in your area, which they most probably would It is a complete package for the ones looking for a practicable option to advance their career

Whole life paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Whole spirit paper - Essay ExampleMy strengths include being hardworking and daring, and these factors direct impacted my understanding and description of the passion that I possess. Moreover, my goal-driven ambitions and optimism has do my values and engineering experiences outstanding and unique than those of other people. The major hitch up in my cargoner is the knowledge and expertise that I have gained in tackling with the challenges of electronic and electricity as an engineer in a careful manner.Besides all the other expertise and knowledge, I have acquired miscellaneous other skills that are useful and required by the career or jobs that an individual may choose. Few of many such skills include the good communication skills and teamwork skills which have proven to be life-sustaining for the performance of any job. Moreover, my strong abilities to perform in my own field and deal with challenges have made me successful at tackling numerous tasks. My dream career, and t he one that suits my passion and fits my abilities and capabilities, is Electrical Engineering. Since, I possess sufficient energy and vibrancy to work as an electrical engineer, I have attempted to pursue for various academic programs and institutions which offer them to the seekers. The undergraduate programs, grad student programs, diplomas, and other certifications will be helpful in bout my passion into my career. I would opt for the degree programs in the capacity of Electrical Engineering. These would include undergraduate and postgraduate programs which would equip me with a thorough foundation in essential mathematical and scientific knowledge, and in abilities and skills that are suitable for preparation in the field. These courses include the interdisciplinary subjects which are placed carefully in fiat to facilitate the students with the required extent of the program. Then, the advanced technical courses can also be

Use of omputer in academic development of children during their Essay

Use of omputer in academic development of children during their primary old age - Essay ExampleComputers accommodate become a standard feature in preschool, kindergarten and primary grades as a teaching aide. In the competitive age that we live in with strong emphasis on achievement, many educators see computer use as a way to accelerate progress in education.At home too, most p arnts feel compelled to follow this trend and purchase personal computers for their children in order to restrain them better prepared for their engineering exposure at school and outside. Market researchers tracking software trends have identified that the largest software growth recently has been in new titles and companies serving the early childhood educational market. Even as early as 1996, SPA consumer market report found that of the people who give home computers and have young children, 70% had purchased educational software for their children to use .An estimated $50 million was spent on softwar e designs for young children in 2001. The percentage today could only have increased judgment by the omnipresence of computers in schools and homes. Parents and educators seem to be so eager to incorporate technology in education that many of them are introducing computers to children at younger ages to not only motivate them to get a head start on academics but also for their careers in later life. For example, lapware, a software program intended for children under 18 months of age was first introduced in the late 1990s ,to stimulate the brains of children as young as 6 months while they sit on the lap of their parent. Understandably, not all psychologists and educators are thrilled at the idea of using computers as an introduction to academic concepts and have raised questions astir(predicate) its effectiveness and also emotional and physical side set up.Abstract The literature review that is done in this paper attempts to address several issues related to the academic use of computers with young children. We will study living articles and research already done on the subject to achieve a better understanding and mensurate the different aspects related to the topic. They are(1) the integration of technology into the typical learning environment and the potential benefits of enamor use of technology in early childhood programs(2) the essential role of adults in evaluating appropriate uses of technology (3) Appropriate Computer activities(4) The concerns of different organizations and educators who are opposed to the academic incorporation of computers.. Literature Review accomplishment through and through computers and evidence of their benefits The National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), an organization that sets standards of excellence for programs for children from birth through age eight, recommends the use of computers with children ages three and older. In fact, the association claims that computers can have important b enefits for even precise young children, including language development, literacy development, social development, and the development of important chore-solving skills. Computers are intrinsically compelling for young children. The sounds and art gain childrens attention. Increasingly, young children observe adults and older children working on computers, and they want to do it, too. Children get provoke because they can make things happen with computers. Developmentally appropriate software engages children in creative play, mastery learning, problem solving, and conversation. The children control the pacing and the action. They can repeat a process or activity as frequently as they like and experiment with variations. They can collaborate in making decisions and share their discoveries and creations (Haugland & Shade 1990). When use appropriately, technology can support and extend traditional materials in valuable ways. Research points to the positive effects of technology i n childrens learning and development, both cognitive

How Far Libraries in Primary Schools Assist in the Education System Essay Example for Free

How Far Libraries in patriarchal tutors Assist in the Education System EssayEducation each(prenominal) over the world has evolved into a more labyrinthian strategy of pedagogics methods, aras of learnedness to be taught, curriculum, tools to be determination in the mode of instruction chosen, dustup to be used in the instruction, and umpteen more. As prepares respond to these leases, a repeat chopine to climb the republics of the give lessonss libraries is as well as necessary. Studies crap shown that on that point is a direct relationship between course of teaching program subroutine program subroutine depository depository subroutine library programs and levels of performance among shaverren in the indigenous grooms. Thus, the advocacy in pursuing strategic plans to soften equip the libraries in pristine take aims is growing. Libraries have organized into a hearty association as they seek the support of the government non lonesome(preno minal) in terms of legislation but more so on adequate funding to rehabilitate the libraries of immemorial schools. A original school library deal outs as the media total for students, faculty, staff, and parents that serve each of their purposes and pursuals. For a student, the school library is the place where he gets knowledge relative to classroom assignments and projects.It could also be the inception for a students liaison in children books, caricature books, comic books, adventure books which he usually shares with his friends and classmates. For the faculty and staff, the unproblematic school library is the source of relevant materials such as stories, poems, songs, and structured activities which serve to enhance the learn method and enrich teaching modules. For parents, the direct election school library serves as a refresher forum in direct for them to catch up with their childrens assignments and works.A heartfelt uncomplicated school library is a place w here children are taught how to love adaptation. there is focus on the enhancement of practice session habits among children. Some early rewards system may be established to grow the reading habit. There should be a signifi sensce of motivation in promoting student reading. Meanwhile, teachers and parents are coached on how to support the childs learning how to love reading. Guidelines in improving reading promotion programs are in place. (Johnson, J. Creating toothsome kids who dont like to read.Sept/Oct 1999, Vol. 18 bang 2 p96). LITERATURE REVIEW The ascendability of materials in this subject upshot is not broad. However, studies conducted in this area showed more or less equal results. These findings only strengthen the thesis of this work. Most of the materials that can be used in look studies on primary school libraries are on fund-raising activities in order to grow the number of books in the primary school libraries. Only a handful could be read on the focus and evaluation of primary school libraries.In a documentary by Pat Miller, he discussed on how librarians can commit children to the library where interest from among these children seems to have faded. The perception among children that the library is the topographic point of antiquated and boring books should be dis-abused and re-aligned to the basal truth and tradition that children needs to ruin the habit of reading to equip them for a better future. Moreover, she suggests librarians to elucidate library a kid-friendly by taking cues from their electronic livesproviding library games, encouraging student chat, teaching with idiot box and audio, and making the books relevant and personal.Moreover, she recommends librarians to cater all learning styles and to consider factors like gender appeal in taking steps to enhance the students interest in library (Miller, Pat. Is your library kid-friendly? depository library Media Connection. Worthington, Mar 2008. Vol 26, publicize 6 pg 22). In Jesuit schools like the Ateneo de Manila University, the primary school library serves as the vision center for teachers as they weave stories into the everyday lessons aimed at building at total formation of the child.This is in conjunction with the schools strategy of promoting a class teacher scheme of imparting knowledge. The collected classroom develops students by means of integration of subject matters using reading skills and values as the thread. Storybook weaving approach is the key in achieving a self-contained classroom strategy. In this context, the primary school library appropriates motley and extensive collection of storybooks for both the teachers and the students.The purpose of a school library according to The schooling subroutine library Association (January 2006) is to provide a wide range of multimedia p roots to support teaching and learning end-to-end the key stages, ad foster a reading and information culture that go ons independent motivated readers and learners for life. mavin of the main objectives of a primary school library is to cultivate interest for reading among children with the end of growing the habit of reading among them as they grow into well-informed adults.Developing enthusiasm for learning by reading is the focus of library work (Dubber, Geoff. Cultivating Curiosity information literacy skills and the primary school library. Januray 2008). The use of a rewards system in creating interest for reading among children may be a ripe(p) incentive at the beginning. save weaning children from getting rewards for their reading habit should be done at an earlier stage. The enthusiasm to be in the library to read books should be out of a habit and personal interest courteous in the child through earlier intervention programs.This updated and revised Guideline, taking account of the 2007 Government literacy teaching objectives, explains the importance of embedding information literacy into a whole school, IC T and curriculum context. It outlines and explains the processes of explore for young children and shows ways that teachers and librarians can develop and promote information literacy and restored ICT skills through the primary school library and link it to classroom practice. It also entangles a very useful and practical case flying field, some templates, and a reading list. (Dubber, 2008).Using entropy from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort (ECLS-K), a sample of more than 20,000 children who started kindergarten in fall 1998, researchers put together that many children do not experience key elements in their schools that maximize their learning outcomes * 30 part of all children attend elementary schools that do not have strong principal leadership * plainly over half of all children are in schools where their teachers meet together unfalteringly to plan sequenced and coordinate instruction. * 15 percent of children are in schools where teacher turnover is a problem (Peckham, Suzanne.Specific give instruction Traits linked to round-eyed Achievement Scores. The Education Digest. Mar 2008. Vol 73 get out 7 pg 76). In otherwise parts of the world, like China, learner-centered teaching is as a way to nurture active learners who can preface and solve problems. teacher education programs are beginning to adopt learner-centered methods as well. In the U. S. , learner-centered approaches, which emphasize teaching for meaning, have been promoted for some time. Primary teachers now get three years of rearing, and the eventual goal is for all teachers to have at least four years of training.Traditionally, Chinese teacher education has concentrated on subject matter. In the last decade, however, there have been calls for expanding professional preparation by establishing closer relate between schools and universities, by having prospective teachers study educational theory and apply their skills through practice teaching, and by having teacher educators model effective pedagogy. Meanwhile, U. S. policy makers have been promoting shorter, alternative routes to teaching, including on-the-job training (Preus, Betty.Educational Trends in China and the United States Proverbial Pendulum or Potential for Balance. Bloomington Oct 2007. Vol. 89 Issue 2 pg115). The library department should take the initiative to create and implement simple activities that attract children to their school library. These activities should closure back to good overage books like literature and establish a connection of the lessons, phrases, morale of these books to the present(a) times. This would create an impression in the minds of children why these books are unflustered read up to this day.(Weisburg, Hilda and Ruth Toor. sweep Up your Shakespeare. take Librarians Workshop. Berkeley Heights Spring 2008. Vol 28 Issue 5 pg 16). The primary school library serves as the motivator of interest in children while it is a data cen ter for adults like teachers and parents. The former brings about awareness and interest while the latter reinforces needs to bridge the offer between children and adults. The interest that is developed in a child should be ceaselessly strengthened by an unconditional support from the parents, teachers, and other significant others.Support from parents may be through a present of some additional time for the child to enjoy the library. The physical set-up of a primary school library is a determining factor in achieving the goal of creating interest and enthusiasm among children insofar as their need to visit the library is concerned. Library design plays an important role in the realization of a primary schools goal of cultivating the habit of learning through reading among primary school children. The conspicuous and the intangible goals of a primary school library go hand in hand. (Dewe, Michael.Ideas and Designs Creating the Environment for the Primary School Library. October 2007). It is very essential that the government or other non-governmental entities give support to the initiative by giving funds for the rehabilitation of public libraries. The government units may also have a parallel program in which to recognize and appreciate children who read books and other materials in the library. A well-resourced school library plays a key part in assisting learning across the school and is essential to support the wealthiness of opportunities for studying the locality.An openingible, attractively presented collection of local materials that involves a range of formats go forth enhance effective learning and raise the status of the library within the school and beyond. (Southcombe, Dianne. Setting the Scene Local Studies Resources in the School Library. 1999). The presence of a teacher-librarian would help in the pursuit of good library programs. To maximize the impact of a primary school library in aid of the school curriculum, a regular updating of the librarys policy and development plan are necessary.The aim is to develop the library as the schools resource and focus for learning. (Harrison, Kay and Tricia Adams. Practical Paperwork constitution Making and Development Planning for the Primary School Library. February 2007. ) Achieving a successful school library is a bit like gardening little and often, with regular input to obtain healthy growth and year-round interest. (Harrison and Adams. 2007). The schools annual calendar should include such events as would introduce the children to the use of its primary school library.Making children aware of the existence of a good primary school library in their vicinity is the first step towards the goals of establishing a good primary school library. School programs like book events should be included in the schools calendar of activities for the year. (Dubber, Geoff and Elspeth Scott. Brilliant Books Running a winning School Library Book Event. second edition. April 2005). A lib rary is only as good as the material it contains and the access it provides for its users, so efficient deport management is essential for effective resource provision (Lemaire, Kathy. shelf Life, Shelf Matters Managing Resources in the School Library. 2nd edition. October 2004). Times are changing and libraries need to keep abreast on recent development in engineering. Otherwise, there would be a gap between children and the libraries in general. With the improvements achieved by the new information technology systems as well as the prevalent use of mobile phones for SMS, primary school libraries need to go beyond than just providing children resource materials for reading. (Murphy, Richard. Going online Developing LRC Web Pages. May 2003).The introduction of the Internet and its associated information handling/literacy skills is quickly becoming a key development in the effective use of primary school libraries. Many schools are realizing the potential of the Internet as an exci ting and dynamic curriculum resource for raising pupil achievement, developing a pupil awareness of ICT for a real purpose, and promoting literacy. (Dubber, Geoff, et al. The Internet, the Primary School Library, and the Independent Learner. 2002). The rehabilitation of libraries includes those in the public schools. The funding from government is necessary (Ward, Helen.Book bonanza spurs pupils to running play success. The Times Educational Supplement. London October 26, 2007, Issue 4760. pg 15). Accessibility and ease of use of the primary school library are focus areas that need to be credited as well by the school as it aims to develop awareness and interest among children. There are systems and tools which are available in the market to address this concern. This will help in ensuring confident use of the primary school library among children. Additionally, teachers would be help in the instructional process of guiding children towards the regular use of the library.The sch ools direction in integrating library use and school curriculum will dictate the degree of interest that the school provides in addressing ease and accessibility concerns on the use of its library. (Lemaire, Kathy. Issue Systems for the Primary School Library. 2nd edition). A key results area always requires a key process indicator to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiencies of the program. action measurement is being required by some governmental agencies to ensure continuous improvement of standards and attainment of objectives.Measuring the success of the primary school library in its ultimate end of awakening and cultivating interest and enthusiasm to learn among children is a real hazard to evaluate the success thus far and to continuously strategize for improvements. (Scott, Elspeth. Measuring Success How Effective is your School Library Resource Centre? 2001). Enjoyment of reading at the youngest possible age sets us up for life as full members of a literate nine (Atten borough, Liz. Project Director of the National Year of reading material.As cited in Primary School Guidelines, 2002). A research study conducted by California School Libraries Association from 1993 to 2005 showed that where there is a library overall program consisting of quality and adequate staffing, flexible hours of availability, and collaborative support to school curriculum, the goal for establishing any library for that matter is achieved. In addition, 99. 4 percent of grades 3-12 students in Ohio believe school libraries and their services help them become better learners Ohio Todd, Kuhlthau and OELMA, 2004.The relationship between school library program services and student achievement was not negated by other school or federation demographics, Missouri Quantitative Resources, LLC, 2003. The relationship between school library program development and test scores is not explained away by other school or partnership conditions at the elementary or middle school levels or b y other school conditions at the high school level, Oregon Lance, Rodney, and Hamilton-Pennell, 2001 (Cited in California School Libraries Association.School Libraries Do Make A Difference. research Studies from 1993 to 2005 in Sixteen States). In 2001, a research study was conducted among Texas school to examine school library resources, services, and use, on the basis of School Library Programs and how these made an impact on the students performance measured in the reading portion of Texas Assessment of Academic Skills. The research study showed that in schools were a good library program exists students got higher(prenominal) percentage performance than those who had poor library resources and programs.(EGS query Consulting. Texas School Libraries Standards, Resources, Services, and Students Performance. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. April 2001). The same study shows that where there is collaborative work between Library Staff and the teachers, higher percentag e performance among students reading skills is achieved. (EGS research Consulting. Texas School Libraries Standards, Resources, Services, and Students Performance. Texas State Library and Archives Commission. April 2001). The Texas Library daybook Volume 77 No.4, Winter 2001 reported on the state of the libraries in Texas and how the government commit its support in the rehabilitation of their libraries. Texas believes in the necessity of transforming libraries in order for them to meet the requirements of the present. While books would still be books and the love of books would always be there, the Association of Texas Libraries advocate for the application of advance technology in their libraries to ensure wider reach and expanded services. (Texas Library Journal, 2001). I will end by returning to the straits I posed in my introduction.Will the love of books vaporise? There is the love of the content of books, and there is the love of books. For those for whom the 2 are ins eparable, the answer must be no, the love of books wont disappear but perhaps eventually all the people who love books in the traditional form will disappear. I think that could take a very, very, long time. Weeks asks If it has no pages, just a magic contraceptive pill that emits sounds, sights, smells and tastes, is a book still a book? 13 For me, the answer is yes. I can eat up a substantial compilation of ideas or actions commonly displayed on a viewingdevice as the future definition of book. As a librarian, I must be a philistine Ive always loved the content more than the package. Juergens, Bonnie, Executive Director of Amigos Library Services(Texas Library Journal, 2001). he ex Libraries are vital to childrens achievement in school. As they need to develop their informational needs and reading habits, children need libraries and good library programs. But they would not be able to use these available materials on their own. They need the supportive details from adults like the Librarians, their teachers, and their parents.A collaborative work among these three significant others of children are necessary. (Newman, Susan. The role of school libraries in elementary and secondary education. Teacher Librarian. Seattle October 2002. Vol. 30 Issue 1, pg 74). The Library agency Program at Chattanooga TNs Lakeside Elementary School has found a direct correlation between students use of the library and the level of their test scores in reading comprehension and reference skills (Anonymous. Positive correlation between student library use and test scores. Teacher Librarian. Seattle Jan/Feb 1999. Vol. 26 Issue 3. pg61).The Lance Model and the Alaska study focused on evaluating the impact of good librarianship to the reading capabilities among primary school children. Several key findings were reported in these studies which point to the direct relationship between good library programs and students level of reading performance. (Williams, Doroty, Louisa Cole s and Caroline Wavell. bear upon of school library services on achievement and learning in primary schools. A critical literature review. 2002). At Lincoln Elementary School in Hawaii a program which involves children from the 5th and 4th grades are given the hazard to work as library aidesThe current library aides conduct this recruitment meet where they talk about their duties and responsibilities to help students decide if being an aide is something they really want to do. Applicants go through a rigorous one-week training period that tests their commitment and desire to serve as library aides. passim the training, the aides take notes and provide the trainees with individual scores for their attitude, respect, and knowledge. (Muranaga, Karen and Emmi Masumura. Library Aides Building Character, Advancing Service. Worthington. Jan 2008. Vol 26 Issue 4 pg10).METHODOLOGY Several works are undertaken to assess the direct correlation between library programs and the reading perfor mance among primary school children. The methodology in all these researches is more or less similar. Research study methods are used to gather data either for quantitative or qualitative analysis. The validity and availability of this data cannot be questioned and denied. Test measurements, especially those required by the state for regulatory purposes, are extensive and widely represented. occurrence study research is the recommended methodology to use in library studies.Researchers could use the case study method to further study the role of the librarian in implementing specific models of service. For example, case study research could examine how information-seeking behavior in public libraries compares with information-seeking behavior in places other than libraries to conduct in-depth studies of non-library community based information services to compare with library based community information services, and to study community networks based in libraries. (The Case Study as a Research Method. Uses and Users of Information LIS 391D. 1. Spring 1997).Case studies are complex because they generally involve multiple sources of data, may include multiple cases within a study, and produce large amounts of data for analysis. Researchers from many disciplines use the case study method to build upon theory, to produce new theory, to dispute or challenge theory, to explain a situation, to provide a basis to apply solutions to situations, to explore, or to describe an object or phenomenon. The advantages of the case study method are its applicability to real-life, contemporary, human situations, and its public accessibility through written reports.Case study results relate directly to the common readers everyday experience and facilitate an understanding of complex real-life situations. (The Case Study as a Research Method. Uses and Users of Information LIS 391D. 1. Spring 1997). The method of Convergent Analysis simply uses a set of questions based on the area of study being undertaken. These questions are set in a standard format. A parallel run is made by reviewing relevant studies and setting them in the same format used for the set of questions prepared for the study. Analysis is done by comparing the results of the two standard formats and assess on convergent points.(Norris, Cathleen, et al. Convergent Analysis A method for extracting the value from research studies on technology in education. Peer-Reviewed. 1999) Review of relevant studies and a re-examination of the original search strategy. It is also recommended that a kind of longitudinal study of impact of primary library provision on learning, based on the implementation of appropriate standards be also undertaken. It is also recommended to conduct a quantitative study used in the USA for use with KS1 and KS2 SATs and pilot to establish whether the methodology is transferable to the English primary education.A qualitative evaluation of the intervention using standards and any i ndicators may also be developed. (Williams, Dorothy, Louis Coles and Caroline Wavell). Impact of school library services on achievement and learning in primary schools. 2002). A study conducted by ETI used varied assessment tools in attaining its objective, namely data collection through surveys fieldwork through questionnaires and interviews observation of children in selected settings case study method ( rating of Public Library Summer Reading Program. The Los Angeles County Public Library Foundation.Final Report. December 2001). Fieldwork method may also be used in ascertaining the questions in the area of study. This fieldwork may consist of questionnaires distributed among selected representative population and interviews conducted among selected authorities in the area of study. (Dubazana, Khanyi. desegregation of the school library into the curriculum. Education Library and Information Technology Services). CONCLUSION From the foregoing literature sources, we can safely say that there is indeed a need for a well structured primary school library.The structure includes not only the physical set-up but also the books inside the library, the library staff, and more importantly, the library program. These are the pillars of a good primary school library that supports the early development of the school child. Children believe what they see. If they see lines and lines of good attractive books then it would already create the interest in them to checkout time out the books and go through the pages of some of them. They cannot be forced to read in an environment that is not conducive to reading.In the latte case, the inadequacy of the library would backfire any effort to arouse the interest in the child and develop the reading habit. The presence of warm and hospitable library staff would get under ones skin the interest in the child-reader. The program that the library can offer to children is a factor that sustains the childs interest and children would keep on going back to the library which would be as second home to them. A comprehensive work on the area of direct correlation between good library program and reading skills among primary children is relevant today.The educational trend nowadays is towards the extensive use of advance technology even in the primary schools. Reading books has become a thing of the past for many as more and more have shifted to reading information, data, stories, and news from the internet. But this shift from the good old printed material to the easy access to internet sources should be seen on a positive note. There is an opportunity to still arouse the childs enthusiasm through the implementation of a good program. The library staff should not feel demotivated by this trend.Rather, the Library staff should continue to introduce innovations and attract children to access the library more often. The results of the study as mentioned in the above discussions should serve as an eye unfastener for al l schools and government agencies to work collaboratively in developing the young minds into future reading-individuals. The habit of reading should be sustained all throughout the stages of his life. The shift from print to media sources of reading should be addressed positively. Awareness and beseech strategies as well as the use of a reward system in order to promote interest in reading among primary school students.The use of the internet and the advancement of technology, policies, strategies should be seen as complementing strategies in the total development of the child. The shift from printed materials to web reading among children should be addressed in order to eradicate the confusing stand on this issue there is never a substitute for reading good printed books. Thus, while we embrace the advances of technology in the field of learning and education, we should not forget the solid foundation of reading good books from an early age.This is not only for learning and cognit ion. Rather, reading is very untold a part of a childs growing up with family bonds, societal norms, and tradition. The role of primary school libraries has always been to create an environment that arouses the childs interest in books. A good library physical set-up and programs would be a good answer to the proposition children perform excellently in the primary schools where school libraries collaborate with the schools curriculum.It is time to begin reshaping our vision for 21st-century school library media programs, and the best way is to assemble a study group, a professional learning community, a regularise group of teacher-librarians, or just yourself. Compare and contrast these standards documents and then read your own mission statement. What essentials take a breather the same? What are different? Who needs to know? What should happen next? (Loertscher, David. Find Out What Should Work. Teacher Librarian. Seattle December 2007. Vol 35 Issue 2 pg 40).REFERENCESAnonymou s.Positive correlation between student library use and test scores. Teacher Librarian. Seattle Jan/Feb 1999. Vol. 26 Issue 3. pg61. Attenborough, Liz. Project Director of the National Year of Reading. As cited in Primary School Guidelines, 2002. Cited in California School Libraries Association. School Libraries Do Make A Difference. Research Studies from 1993 to 2005 in Sixteen States. Dewe, Michael. Ideas and Designs Creating the Environment for the Primary School Library. October 2007. Dubber, Geoff. Cultivating Curiosity information literacy skills and the primary school library.Januray 2008. Dubazana, Khanyi. integrating of the school library into the curriculum. Education Library and Information Technology Services. Dubber, Geoff and Elspeth Scott. Brilliant Books Running a Successful School Library Book Event. 2nd edition. April 2005. EGS Research Consulting. Texas School Libraries Standards, Resources, Services, and Students Performance. Texas State Library and Archives Co mmission. April 2001. Evaluation of Public Library Summer Reading Program. The Los Angeles County Public Library Foundation.Final Report. December 2001. Harrison, Kay and Tricia Adams. Practical Paperwork Policy Making and Development Planning for the Primary School Library. February 2007. Juergens, Bonnie, Executive Director of Amigos Library Services(Texas Library Journal, 2001. Lemaire, Kathy. Shelf Life, Shelf Matters Managing Resources in the School Library. 2nd edition. October 2004. Loertscher, David. Find Out What Should Work. Teacher Librarian. Seattle December 2007. Vol 35 Issue 2 pg 40. Miller, Pat. Is your library kid-friendly? Library Media Conne