Britainr between 1900-1945 Essays - English Poor Laws,

Britainr between 1900-1945 Britain between 1900-1945 Age of suffering, pain, indeed a period of wars: 2 world wars but also colonial wars, Bours war 1899-1902 (in South Africa, between Britain and the Netherlands, because of diamonds mines) Beginning of the Movements for Indian Independence , 1935 Indian Constitution. Period of crisis : 1929: The Wall Street Crash: unemployement, very big crisis. But, the emergence of a fairer society: new rights were recognized. Women's rights: the right to vote in 1928 The right for everyone (universal right) to get cured and looked after Welfare State was created, National Health Service Rights for workers to get organized and improve the working conditions : Trade Unions I/ Women's Rights: In 1928, women over 21 obtained the right to vote, equal political rights were granted for men and women. 1.The growth of patriarchy A patriarchy system: a latin origin for Father' : a system of society or governments ruled by the Fathers, men only, women are completed excluded for the decisions! A male domination. // The Bible: mainly in the Old Testament: the epitome(the perfect example) of femininity is Eve, she is created from Adam, not a very good behaviour, because of her that they were excluded from Eden (Paradise), she is the cause of the Fall (la Chute: fait que les hommes aient t chasss du paradis). The Greek and Roman worlds :Athenes: it was a democracy but women never took part of the assembly, of public life. Gyneceum: a particular place in a greek house where women remain together. Modern times (begins in 16th ) At this time, Britain was ruled by a woman : Elizabeth I, she was not really feminist, rather represented as very powerful, the artist insisted in her divinity, a goddess, insisted on her masculine temper. Speech to the Troops at Tillbury 1588 (The Spanish Armada) I know I have the weak body of a woman but I have the heart and the stomach of a king, the King of England. 17th: The term patriarchy really appears in a book by Sir Robert Filmer: Patriarcha: the Natural Power of Kings Defended against the Unatural Liberty of the People written in 1680s but published in 1690 Written to justify royal absolutism, according to him, modern kings derived their power from the first kings of the world. The king is the father of the people: authority, the right to punish but also the duty to protect and the father is the king of the family: his authority can not be questionned. Women were considered as the children, they are excluded from the political sphere. 18th: The New Age: The Age of Enlightenment Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot, John Locke Those philosophers did not accept the theories of Filmer, they did not venerate the Bible, philosophy were based on human reason, everything is explain by the reason, they developed a completely different vision. The notion of contract between the sovereign and the people. Like Filmer they go back to the beginning of life, but for them is not with the Genesis but with the state of nature: a state of constant war Hobbs: man is a wolf for man A state of anarchy, civilisation can not be here. It is necessary to have law & order in this state. The king not derived his power from God but by people's choice, they choose him. Tyranny: James II was excluded during the Glorious Revolution in 1688 and replaced by William of Orange a new protestant monarch. James had not respected the people's life In France: the French Revolution: Louis XVI Women at that time, the philosophers were not in favour of more power for women, they are weak. They maintained the image of subordinate women. 2.The first feminist assaults against patriarchy in an age of Revolution Period of the French Revolution: Olympe de Gouges: The first French feminist. She wanted to involved women in political life. She wrote Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, woman is born free & remains equal to man in rights published in september 1791. A parody of The Declaration of the Rights of man & Citizen All man are born & remain free & equal free in rights... But she was executed by the guillotine in 1793, she was considered as a danger for the society. In England: Mary Wollstonecraft, in 1792 A Vandication (a defence) of